In ABG analysis, a bicarbonate/carbonic acid ratio of less than 20:1 indicates:

In ABG analysis, a bicarbonate/carbonic acid ratio of less than 20:1 indicates:

• A. Acidosis
• B. Alkalosis
• C. Normal
• D. Mixed disorder

Answer: (A)

The bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio captures the balance between metabolic bases (bicarbonate) and respiratory acids (carbonic acid from CO2). A normal ratio is about 20:1. When this ratio falls below 20:1, the balance shifts toward acid, indicating an acidosis. This can occur from a drop in bicarbonate (metabolic acidosis) or from CO2 retention (respiratory acidosis). The exact type of acidosis is clarified by looking at the actual pH and the separate values of HCO3- and PaCO2, but the ratio itself signals an acidemic state.

The bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio captures the balance between metabolic bases (bicarbonate) and respiratory acids (carbonic acid from CO2). A normal ratio is about 20:1. When this ratio falls below 20:1, the balance shifts toward acid, indicating an acidosis. This can occur from a drop in bicarbonate (metabolic acidosis) or from CO2 retention (respiratory acidosis). The exact type of acidosis is clarified by looking at the actual pH and the separate values of HCO3- and PaCO2, but the ratio itself signals an acidemic state.